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The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography

Brown, Philip L. A Century of 'Separate But Equal' Education in Anne Arundel County. New York: Vantage Press, 1987.

Callum, Agnes Kane. "Free Blacks of St. Mary's County, Maryland - 1800." Maryland Genealogical Society Bulletin 22 (Spring 1981): 144-46.

Clarke, Nina Honemond. History of the Nineteenth-Century Black Churches in Maryland and Washington, D.C. New York: Vantage Press, 1983.

Clarke, Nina Honemond. "Noah Edward Clarke, Crusader for Black Education." Montgomery County Story 23 (May 1980): 1-11.

Clarke, Nina H., and Lillian B. Brown. History of the Black Public Schools of Montgomery County, Maryland 1872-1961. New York: Vantage Press, 1978.

Clayton, Ralph. Black Baltimore, 1820-1870. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1988.

Clayton, Ralph. Free Blacks of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1987.

Clayton, Ralph. Slavery, Slaveholding and the Free Black Population of Antebellum Baltimore. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1993.

Cornelison, Alice. "History of Blacks in Howard County, Maryland." Journal of the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society 10 (Summer-Fall 1989): 117-19.

Cornelison, Alice, Silas E. Craft, Sr., and Lillie Price. History of Blacks in Howard County, Maryland: Oral History, Schooling and Contemporary Issues. Columbia, MD: Howard County, Maryland NAACP, 1986.

Davids, Robert B. A Comparative Study of White and Negro Education in Maryland. Ph.D. diss., The Johns Hopkins University, 1936.

Davidson, Thomas E. "Free Blacks in Old Somerset County, 1745-1755." Maryland Historical Magazine 80 (Summer 1985): 151-156.
Notes: County court records of Somerset County, Maryland during the eighteenth century are particularly complete, allowing for detailed studies of the county's population during that period. The author contributes to the scholarship which, up until 1985, focused primarily on the origins of black culture on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in the seventeenth century. The author also adds to the growing scholarship on free blacks in this region, which tended to also focus on the seventeenth century. In addition to examining court records to determine the numbers of free Negroes and mulattoes, the author also attempts to determine how members of these populations obtained their free status, that is, through manumission or the as the result of being children of free mothers (free-born).

Davis, A. Vernon. "The Local Scene." Maryland Cracker Barrel 19 (January 1990): 3-5.
Notes: Fort Frederick and the Williams Family.

Demissie, E. "A History of Black Farm Operators in Maryland." Agriculture and Human Values 9 (Winter 1992): 22-30.

Diedrich, Maria. Love Across Color Lines: Ottilie Assing and Frederick Douglass. New York: Hill & Wang, 1999.

Diggs, Louis S. In Our Voices: A Folk History in Legacy. Baltimore: Uptown Press, 1998.

Diggs, Louis S. Since the Beginning: African American Communities in Towson. Baltimore: Uptown Press, 2000.
Notes: East Towson, Sandy Bottom, Lutherville, Schwartz Avenue.

Earp, Charles A. "The Role of Education in the Maryland Colonization Movement." Maryland Historical Magazine 26 (1941): 365-88.

Fairley, Paul L. Desegregation Activities at Maryland's Historically Black Public Institutions for Undergraduate Higher Education. Ed.D. diss., University of Miami, 1986.

Fletcher, William Joseph. The Contribution of the Faculty of Saint Mary's Seminary to the Solution of Baltimore's San Domingan Negro Problems, 1793-1852. M.A. thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 1951.

Floyd, Bianca. Records and Recollections: Early Black History in Prince George's County. Bladensburg, MD: Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, 1989.

Foner, Philip S. "Address of Frederick Douglass at the Inauguration of Douglass Institute, Baltimore, October 1, 1865." Journal of Negro History 54 (1969): 174-183.

Fuke, Richard Paul. "The Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People, 1864-1870." Maryland Historical Magazine 66 (1971): 369-404.
Notes: In 1864, Baltimore businessmen, lawyers and clergymen formed the Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People. Many of these men had been associated with emancipation causes. These men coordinated the flow of money and supplies provided by the Freedmen's Bureau. Eventually, the schools founded by the Association were taken over by the state, which had initially not provided for free, public Negro education at all.

Fuke, Richard Paul. "A Reform Mentality: Federal Policy toward Black Marylanders, 1864-1868." Civil War History 22 (September 1976): 214-35.

Gardner, Bettye. "Ante-bellum Black Education in Baltimore." Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Fall 1976): 360-66.
Notes: Just before the Civil War, Baltimore had the largest free black population of any city in the country. Most antebellum education of free blacks was provided by the numerous black churches and concerned black and white citizens. Still, free blacks were taxed even though no free public educational facilities were provided for their children. Sunday (Sabbath) schools provided much of the schooling available to free blacks, although a few days schools existed as well, most notably the African School, founded in 1812. By 1859, there were fifteen schools for blacks in Baltimore, all of which were self-supporting, receiving no local or state funding.

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