The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography
Jordan, Winthrop. White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Politics and Law, Religion, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Before 1600 AD, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Klein, Mary O. "'We Shall Be Accountable to God:' Some Inquiries into the Position of Blacks in Somerset Parish, Maryland, 1692-1865." Maryland Historical Magazine 87 (Winter 1992): 399-406.
Notes: The author examines the conversion of free blacks and slaves in Somerset Parish. While a 1664 Maryland law stated that baptism had no effect on the status of a slave, the Anglican church worked towards conversion of the enslaved. However, Christian education and baptism varied depending on individual slaveowners. In some cases, the enslaved themselves refused to be baptized. Evidence of African religious practices remained alongside the practice of Christianity.
Categories: African American, Religion, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Somerset County, Eastern Shore
Klingelhofer, Eric. "Aspects of Early African-American Material Culture: Artifacts from the Slave Quarters at Garrison Plantation, Maryland." Historical Archaeology 21 (1987): 112-19.
Notes: The author examines the objects excavated from the slave quarters at Garrison Plantation near Baltimore, Maryland. Various groups of objects represented early black material culture which reveal aspects of Africanisms. Archaeology is particularly useful for the study of Africanisms found in material culture as patterns of found objects may be compared chronologically and geographically.
Categories: African American, Archaeology, County and Local History, Family History and Genealogy, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Kulikoff, Allan. "Black Society and the Economics of Slavery." Maryland Historical Magazine 70 (Summer 1975): 203-10.
Notes: Review Essay.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Kulikoff, Allan. "The Origins of Afro-American Society in Tidewater Maryland and Virginia, 1700 to 1790." William and Mary Quarterly 35 (April 1978): 226-59.
Notes: The author argues that enslaved blacks living in Tidewater Maryland and Virginia during the eighteenth century developed their own community life, in order to disprove the notion that the enslaved were forced to accept Anglo-American beliefs and values without question. The author examines the process of creating Afro-American culture in these tidewater regions. He concludes that the development of Afro-American communities did not take place until the middle of the eighteenth century, a much slower process of development than that which took place in the West Indies.
Categories: African American, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century
Kulikoff, Allan. "A 'Prolifick' People: Black Population Growth in the Chesapeake Colonies, 1700-1790." Southern Studies 16 (Winter 1977): 391-428.
Notes: The author attempts to document the population growth of Africans and African-Americans between 1660 and 1780. The population grew due to forced immigration or from natural increase. Natural increase helped the founding of enslaved communities and helped in the establishment of kinship systems.
Categories: African American, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Kulikoff, Alan. Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1986.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Lee, Jean Butenhoff. "The Problem of Slave Community in the Eighteenth Century Chesapeake." William and Mary Quarterly 48 (July 1986): 333-361.
Categories: African American, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century
Lewis, Ronald Loran. "Slave Families at Early Chesapeake Ironworks." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 86 (April 1978): 169-79.
Notes: The author examines the self-determination on the part of blacks enslaved as ironworkers in order to counter the view of the fragmented black family as espoused by scholars such as E. Franklin Frazier and Daniel P. Moynihan. The author examines such Maryland ironworks as Northampton Furnace and Patuxent Iron Works. Ironworkers were provided opportunities for "overwork" - that is, working overtime in return for cash or supplies. The money allowed ironworkers and their families an improved standard of living. In addition, ironworkers did not experience strict controls over their free time, home life, or leisure activities. These factors, the author feels, contributed to a stable family structure among enslaved ironworkers.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Lewis, Ronald Loran. Slavery in the Chesapeake Iron Industry, 1716-1865. Ph.D. diss., University of Akron, 1974.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Lewis, Ronald Loran. "Slavery on Chesapeake Iron Plantations Before the American Revolution." Journal of Negro History 59 (July 1974): 242-54.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Lofton, John. "Enslavement of the Southern Mind: 1775-1825." Journal of Negro History 43 (1958): 132-139.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
McConnell, Roland C. Three Hundred and Fifty Years: Chronology of the Afro-American in Maryland, 1634-1984. Annapolis, MD: Commission on Afro-American History and Culture, 1985.
Categories: African American, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century
McCusker, John J., and Russell R. Menard. The Economy of British America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
McDaniel, George W. "Voices from the Past: Black Builders and Their Buildings." In Three Centuries of Maryland Architecture, 79-90. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Historical Trust, 1982.
Categories: African American, Architecture, Historic Preservation, and Town Planning, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century
McElvey, Kay Najiyyah. Early Black Dorchester, 1776-1870: A History of the Struggle of African-Americans in Dorchester County, Maryland, to be Free to Make Their Own Choices. Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland at College Park, 1991.
Notes: The author examines selected events relating to Dorchester County's black population between 1776 and 1870 and their struggle to make their own political, economic, religious, and educational choices. The author also focuses on the enslaved and free leaders who led the fight for self-determination. The author hopes that her text will be used in high school classrooms as a local history of black Dorchester County.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Education, Politics and Law, Religion, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Dorchester County, Eastern Shore
Maryland Commission on Afro-American History, and Culture. Three Hundred and Fifty Years: A Chronology of the Afro-American in Maryland. Annapolis, MD: The Maryland Commission, on Afro-American History and Culture, 1985.
Categories: African American, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century
Menard, Russell R. "From Servants to Slaves: The Transformation of the Chesapeake Labor System." Southern Studies 16 (Winter 1977): 355-90.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Menard, Russell R. "The Maryland Slave Population, 1658 to 1730: A Demographic Profile of Blacks in Four Counties." William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 33 (January 1975): 29-54.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1975.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Morgan, Kenneth. "Slave Sales in Colonial Charleston." English Historical Review 113 (September 1998): 905-27.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Morgan, Winifred. "Gender-Related Difference in the Slave Narratives of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass." American Studies 35 (Fall 1994): 73-94.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Women, Nineteenth Century
Morrow, Diane Batts. The Oblate Sisters of Providence: Issues of Black and Female Agency in their Antebellum Experience, 1828-1860. Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1996.
Categories: African American, Family History and Genealogy, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Women, Nineteenth Century
Murphy, Thomas Richard. 'Negroes of Ours:' Jesuit Slaveholding in Maryland, 1717-1838. Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1998.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Religion, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Nevile, Barry, and Edward Jones. "Slavery in Worcester County, Maryland, 1688-1766." Maryland Historical Magazine 89 (Fall 1994): 319-27.
Notes: The authors examine slavery in Worcester County, Maryland, before the American Revolution, in order to paint a different picture of slavery than that which is portrayed in popular culture, the large, gang-labor-based institution of the cotton South. Ultimately, the authors set out to identify changing patterns of slaveholding in the county before the Revolution. The increase in the use of slaves corresponded with the decline in the use of indentured servants.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Worcester County, Eastern Shore