The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography
Beckles, Frances N. 20 Black Women: A Profile of Contemporary Black Maryland Women. Baltimore: Gateway Press, Inc., 1978.
Categories: African American, Women, Twentieth Century
Bedini, Silvio A. The Life of Benjamin Banneker: The First African-American Man of Science. Rev. ed. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1999.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, County and Local History, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Science and Technology
Beitzell, Edwin W. "Warren Logan, Educator from Milestown to Tuskegee." Chronicles of St. Mary's 32 (September 1984): 185-188.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Education, St. Mary's County
Bell, Howard H. "The Negro Emigration Movement, 1849-1854: A Phase of Negro Nationalism." Phylon 20 (1959): 132-142.
Categories: African American, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century
Berlin, Ira, et al., eds. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867. Series I, Volume II. The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Upper South. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Notes: Based upon the Freedman's Papers collection at the National Archives, this volume focuses on the genesis of free labor. Chapter 4, which presents an essay followed by original documents, is devoted to the Maryland experience. Although slavery and free labor co-existed throughout the 19th century, slavery had been concentrated in Southern Maryland and on the Eastern Shore, and it was here that the greatest tension existed during the Civil War era. Runaway slaves quickly appeared at unionist camps, such as Point Lookout, or escaped to the national capital, in search of freedom and employment. By 1864 several government farms were created along the Patuxent River from abandoned property which was home to over 600 former slaves. Former slaves discovered that emancipation did not mean freedom. The state legislature, still under the influence of former slave owners, passed restrictive laws circumscribing their freedom, including an apprenticeship law which allowed white landowners to forcefully "apprentice" black children. The Union commander, General Lew Wallace, attempted to counteract this program by issuing General Order 112, but the effort was not supported by the national government.
Categories: African American, Nineteenth Century, Civil War
Berlin, Ira, et al., eds. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867. Series II. The Black Military Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Notes: Based upon the Freedman's Papers collection at the National Archives, this volume focuses on the black military experience. Unlike most of the previous volumes, where there was an entire chapter devoted to Maryland, references to the state are scattered throughout the book. By the spring of 1865 some 179,000 black men enlisted in the Union army, of which 8,718 were from Maryland. These figures do not include service in the naval forces. Black enlistment helped to undermine slavery but it also contributed to a shortage of labor in rural areas. The families of enlistees were often ill-treated. Once in the Army, blacks were discouraged by unequal pay and by doing more manual labor than fighting. By the end of the war, however, black units fought with distinction. In Maryland, like other border states, black veterans were the objects of widespread terror as the former planter class attempted to reassert its hegemony.
Categories: African American, Military, Nineteenth Century, Civil War
Berlin, Ira, et al., eds. Free At Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Freedom, and the Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Notes: Based upon the Freedman's Papers collection at the National Archives, this volume covers the comprehensive African American experience from slavery to freedom. Organized around primary documents, with short explanatory introductions, it explores various significant themes in this complex transformation. African Americans discovered that northerners, as well as former masters, were reluctant to recognize their equality and often imposed their views on such things as labor relations, the extent of personal freedom, and their proper role in the military. This book reveals that former slaves possessed a complex and sophisticated understanding of the meaning of freedom.
Categories: African American, Nineteenth Century, Civil War
Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Native American, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Before 1600 AD, Seventeenth Century
Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.
Notes: The author spends some time discussing Maryland, and the Upper South in general, in order to emphasize geographic distinctions which impacted the status of free Negroes. He postulates that the treatment and status of free blacks foreshadowed the treatment of black people in general after emancipation. In addition, the author examines the various classes of free blacks to understand how different groups viewed their social role. For the elite, positions of leadership continued after the Civil War. Maryland is of particular interest since by 1810, almost one-quarter of Maryland's black population was free. Maryland therefore had the largest free black population of any state in the nation.
Categories: African American, Geography and Cartography, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century
Billingsley, Andrew. "Family Reunion-The Legacy of Robert Smalls: Civil War Hero." Maryland Humanities (Winter 1993): 14-17.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Military, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century, Civil War
Blackburn, George M., ed. "The Negro as Viewed by a Michigan Civil War Soldier: Letters of John C. Buchanan." Michigan History 47 (1963): 75-84.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Military, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century, Civil War
Blassingame, John Wesley. The Organization and Use of Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1863-1865. M.A. thesis, Howard University, 1961.
Categories: African American, Military, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century
Blassingame, John W. "'Soul' or Scholarship: An Examination of Black Studies So Far; What Students Learn about History." Smithsonian 1 (1970): 58-64.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Education, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Twentieth Century
Blassingame, John W., and John R. McKivigan, eds. Series one, vol. 4. The Frederick Douglass Papers: Speeches, Debates and Interviews, 1864-80. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Nineteenth Century
Blassingame, John W., and John R. McKivigan, eds. Series one, vol. 5. The Frederick Douglass Papers: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews. 1881-95. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Nineteenth Century
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass' Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
Categories: African American, Military, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century, Civil War
Blight, David W. "Up from 'Twoness:' Frederick Douglass and the Meaning of W. E. B. Dubois's Concept of Double Consciousness." Canadian Review of American Studies 21 (Winter 1990): 301-19.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century
Bogen, David S. "The Annapolis Poll Books of 1800 and 1804: African American Voting in the Early Republic." Maryland Historical Magazine 86 (Spring 1991): 57-65.
Bogen, David Skillen. "The First Integration of the University of Maryland School of Law." Maryland Historical Magazine 84 (1989): 39-49.
Categories: African American, Education, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Twentieth Century
Boles, John B. "Tension in a Slave Society: The Trial of the Reverend Jacob Gruber." Southern Studies 18 (Summer 1979): 179-97.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Politics and Law, Religion
Bolling, Carolyn Rae. An Intergenerational Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the African-American Community: An Analysis of the Autobiographies of Olaudah Equiano, Harriet A. Jacobs, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes. Ph.D. diss., Temple University, 1997.
Bolster, W. Jeffrey. Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Maritime
Bordelon, Pam. "New Tracks on Dust Tracks: Toward a Reassessment of the Life of Zora Neale Hurston." African American Review 31 (Spring 1997): 5-21.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing
Borome, Joseph A. "The Vigilant Committee of Philadelphia." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 92 (1968): 320-351.
Categories: African American, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture
Boxill, Bernard R. "Fear and Shame as Forms of Moral Suasion in the Thought of Frederick Douglass." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 31 (Fall 1995): 713-44.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Nineteenth Century