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Bidwell, Percy W., and John I. Falconer. History of Agriculture in the Northern United States, 1620-1860. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1925.
Annotation / Notes: Mentions Maryland only regarding farming in 1840 and peach orchards, but is useful since so many Pennsylvania Germans settled in Frederick County.
Categories: Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Science and Technology, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Frederick County
Carr, Lois Green, Russell R. Menard, and Lorena S. Walsh. Robert Cole's World: Agriculture and Society in Early Maryland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1991.
Categories: Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Craven, Avery O. Soil Exhaustion as a Factor in the Agricultural History of Virginia and Maryland, 1606-1860. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1925.
Categories: Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Daniels, Christine. "'Getting his [or her] Livelyhood:' Free Workers in a Slave Anglo-America, 1675-1810." Agricultural History 71 (Spring 1997): 125-61.
Annotation / Notes: Compared to slaves and servants, free, white laborers, like Nathaniel Dunnahoe in Kent County, in 1716, have been overlooked. However, Daniels found evidence of both the work they did wheat threshing, shingle and plank making, providing firewood, washing, knitting, and midwifery, among other things and the wages they earned. "Free male and female laborers in the slave Chesapeake found work at tasks either unrelated or only indirectly related to the plantation staple." (p. 157). Economic niches, apparently, existed early on.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Ethnic History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Gray, Lewis C. History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1933.
Annotation / Notes: From barley to wool, Gray's great work is unsurpassed in its detail about farming from Maryland's founding to the Civil War.
Categories: Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Science and Technology, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Johnson, Robert C., ed. "Virginia in 1632." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957): 458-466.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Native American, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century
Main, Gloria L. Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650-1720. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Menard, Russell R. "Farm Prices of Maryland Tobacco, 1659-1710." Maryland Historical Magazine 68 (1973): 80-85.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Middleton, Authur Pierce. Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of the Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era. Newport News, VA: Mariners Museum, 1953.
Categories: Agriculture, County and Local History, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Maritime, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Chesapeake Region
Percy, David O. "Ax or Plow? Significant Colonial Landscape Alteration Rates in the Maryland and Virginia Tidewater." Agricultural History 66 (Spring 1992): 66-74.
Annotation / Notes: Soil exhaustion figured in colonial Maryland's decline, but it was wheat rather than tobacco that did the most damage. "While the ax created an unkempt appearance to the colonial landscape, it was the unwise use of the plow that eventually damaged the soil." (p. 74).
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Walsh, Jim. "Barrels for a 'Middling Planter' in Colonial Prince George's County." News and Notes from the Prince George's County Historical Society, 25 (August/September 1997): 2-4.
Categories: Agriculture, County and Local History, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Prince George's County
Wyckoff, Vetrees J. Tobacco Regulation in Colonial Maryland. Johns Hopkins University Studies. Extra vol., n.s., no. 22 (1936).
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Price, Jacob M. Perry of London-A Family and a Firm on the Seaborne Frontier, 1615-1753. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.
Categories: Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Native American, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Before 1600 AD, Seventeenth Century
Ellefson, C. Ashley. "Free Jupiter and the Rest of the World: the Problem of a Free Negro in Colonial Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 66 (1971): 1-13.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Eltis, David. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Hicks, Helena S. The Black Apprentice in Maryland Court Records from 1661 to 1865. Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland at College Park, 1988.
Annotation / Notes: The author examines the apprenticeship system in Maryland as related to blacks during the period 1661 to 1865. For blacks in Maryland, apprenticeship was one of the earliest forms of education available. Court records are used to examine Maryland's apprenticeship system. Although Maryland's apprenticeship law of 1793 eliminated the reading and writing requirement for apprentices in the case of black apprentices, black apprentices' contracts still contained literacy provisions. Employment in various trade was another benefit resulting from the apprenticeship system.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Johnson, Whittington B. "The Origin and Nature of African Slavery in Seventeenth-Century Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 73 (September 1978): 236-45.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century
Kulikoff, Allan. "Black Society and the Economics of Slavery." Maryland Historical Magazine 70 (Summer 1975): 203-10.
Annotation / Notes: Review Essay.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Kulikoff, Alan. Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1986.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Lewis, Ronald Loran. "Slavery on Chesapeake Iron Plantations Before the American Revolution." Journal of Negro History 59 (July 1974): 242-54.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
McCusker, John J., and Russell R. Menard. The Economy of British America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Menard, Russell R. "From Servants to Slaves: The Transformation of the Chesapeake Labor System." Southern Studies 16 (Winter 1977): 355-90.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Menard, Russell R. "The Maryland Slave Population, 1658 to 1730: A Demographic Profile of Blacks in Four Counties." William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 33 (January 1975): 29-54.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1975.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century

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