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The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography

Handwerker, Tom. "Something is Fishy Down on the Farm." Heartland of Del-Mar-Va 13 (Harvest 1991): 18-19.

Hawkins, Willard L. "History of the New Windsor Progressive Farmers Club." Carroll County History Journal 40 (Winter 1989): 7.

Kaltenbacher, Teresa. "Agricultural Drought Mitigation in Carroll County, Maryland." Geographical Bulletin 36 (May 1994): 23-30.

Davidson, Amos. "The Life and Times: Longwell, John K." Historical Society of Carroll County Newsletter 38 (April 1997): 1-2.

Kester, John G. "Charles Polke: Indian Trader of the Potomac." Maryland Historical Magazine 90 (Winter 1995): 446-65.

"Paul William Englar." Carroll County History Journal 44 (November 1993): 3.

Shelton, Emma. William Winchester, 1711-1790. Westminster, MD: Historical Society of Carroll County, 1993.

Abingbade, Harrison Ola. "The Settler-African Conflicts: The Case of the Maryland Colonists and the Grebo 1840-1900." Journal of Negro History 66 (Summer 1981): 93-109.

Alpert, Jonathan L. "The Origin of Slavery in the United States: The Maryland Precedent." American Journal of Legal History 14 (1970): 189-222.
Notes: Maryland was the "first province in English North America to recognize slavery as a matter of law" (189). Therefore, the study of Maryland is useful for historians studying how American slavery was a product of the law. Early legislation recognized the existence of slavery, for while indentured servitude and slavery co-existed, and the terms were used interchangeably, the law still distinguished between the two. "All slaves were servants but not all servants were slaves" (193). However, it wasn't until 1664 when a statue was created which established slavery as hereditary. This statute was the first law in English North American to thus establish this type of slavery, legalizing what had been de facto since 1639. The author concludes that laws reflect the attitudes of a society and the manner in which societal problems are resolved. In the case of Maryland, servant problems could be avoided by replacing indentured servitude with perpetual slavery.

Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Craven, Wesley Frank. White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1971.
Notes: Remains the standard multi-cultural work for the 17th century.

Nevile, Barry, and Edward Jones. "Slavery in Worcester County, Maryland, 1688-1766." Maryland Historical Magazine 89 (Fall 1994): 319-27.
Notes: The authors examine slavery in Worcester County, Maryland, before the American Revolution, in order to paint a different picture of slavery than that which is portrayed in popular culture, the large, gang-labor-based institution of the cotton South. Ultimately, the authors set out to identify changing patterns of slaveholding in the county before the Revolution. The increase in the use of slaves corresponded with the decline in the use of indentured servants.

"Selected Readings on Afro-Americans and Maryland's Eastern Shore." Maryland Pendulum 5 (Fall/Winter 1985): 6-7.

Wilson, Emily Wanda. The Public Education of Negroes on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. M.A. thesis, Howard University, 1948.

Acton, Lucy. "Bowling Brook Getting a New Lease on Life." Maryland Horse 57 (October 1991): 42-45.

Blizzard, Dennis F. "The Joseph Arnold House, 1993." Carroll County History Journal 47 (June 1996): 2.

Boller, Donna A. "Second Career for County Almshouse: Carroll County's Farm Museum." Maryland 13 (Spring 1980): 32-35.

Craig, Bruce. "Politics in the Pumpkin Patch." Public Historian 12 (Winter 1990): 9-24.
Notes: Pipe Creek Farm.

Getty, Joe. Carroll's Heritage: Essays on the Architecture of a Piedmont Maryland County. Westminster, MD: Carroll County Commissioners and Historical Society of Carroll County, 1987.

Getty, Joe. Uniontown, Maryland: A Walking Tour. Manchester, MD: Noodle-Doosey Press, 1983.

Hollifield, William. "Mount Airy." History Trails 24 (Spring 1990): 9-12.

Jones, Carleton. "Union Mills Homestead: Where Reveries Flow Naturally." Maryland 13 (Autumn 1980): 31-34.

"Kimmey House Restoration." Carroll County History Journal 46 (July 1995): 1-2.

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