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The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography

Fuke, Richard Paul. "Blacks, Whites, and Guns: Interracial Violence in Post-Emancipation Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 92 (Fall 1997): 326-47.

Fuke, Richard Paul. Imperfect Equality: African Americans and the Confines of White Racial Attitudes in Post-Emancipation Maryland. New York: Fordham University Press, 1999.

Fuke, Richard Paul. "Peasant Priorities?: Tidewater Blacks and the Land in Post-Emancipation Maryland." Locus 3 (Fall 1990): 21-45.

Fuke, Richard Paul. "Planters, Apprenticeship, and Forced Labor: The Black Family Under Pressure in Post-Emancipation Maryland." Agricultural History 62 (Fall 1988): 57-74.

Fuke, Richard Paul. "A Reform Mentality: Federal Policy toward Black Marylanders, 1864-1868." Civil War History 22 (September 1976): 214-35.

Gardner, Bettye. "Ante-bellum Black Education in Baltimore." Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Fall 1976): 360-66.
Notes: Just before the Civil War, Baltimore had the largest free black population of any city in the country. Most antebellum education of free blacks was provided by the numerous black churches and concerned black and white citizens. Still, free blacks were taxed even though no free public educational facilities were provided for their children. Sunday (Sabbath) schools provided much of the schooling available to free blacks, although a few days schools existed as well, most notably the African School, founded in 1812. By 1859, there were fifteen schools for blacks in Baltimore, all of which were self-supporting, receiving no local or state funding.

Gardner, Bettye J. "Opposition to Emigration, a Selected Letter of William Watkins (The Colored Baltimorean)." Journal of Negro History 47 (Summer 1982): 155-158.

Garonzik, Joseph. Urbanization and the Black Population of Baltimore, 1850-1870. Ph.D. diss., State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1974.

Goldberg, Robert Marc. Party Competition and Black Politics in Baltimore and Philadelphia. Ph.D. diss., Brandeis University, 1984.

Goldin, Claudia Dale. Urban Slavery in the American South 1820-1860: A Quantitative History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
Notes: Numerous references to Baltimore.

Goldstein, Leslie F. "Violence as an Instrument for Social Change: The Views of Frederick Douglass, 1819-1895." Journal of Negro History 41 (January 1976): 61-72.

Graham, Leroy. Baltimore: The Nineteenth Century Black Capital. Washington, DC: University Press of America, Inc., 1982.

Greene, Suzanne Ellery. "Black Republicans on the Baltimore City Council, 1890-1931." Maryland Historical Magazine 74 (September 1979): 203-22.

Groves, Paul A., and Edward K. Muller. "The Evolution of Black Residential Areas in Late Nineteenth-Century Cities." Journal of Historical Geography 1 (April 1975): 169-91.
Notes: Includes Baltimore.

Guy, Anita Aidt. Maryland's Persistent Pursuit to End Slavery, 1850-1864. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.

Gwillim, Joy. "Slavery in Cecil County." Bulletin of the Historical Society of Cecil County 68 (September 1994): 5-6.

Hall, Robert L. "Slave Resistance in Baltimore City and County, 1747-1790." Maryland Historical Magazine 84 (1989): 305-18.

Harrold, Stanley. "Freeing the Weems Family: A New Look at the Underground Railroad." Civil War History 42 (December 1996): 289-306.
Notes: The author examines conventional and scholarly interpretations of underground railroad by looking at the escape of the Weems family from the Chesapeake region of Maryland. By using the Weems family as a case study, the author challenges thirty years' worth of scholarship on the underground railroad. By examining a family that escaped from a border state, the author is able to explore both black self-determination and white assistance found in the records of this family's escape. In addition, the author examines a bi-racial network of non-Garrisonian abolitionists who raised money to purchase the freedom of slaves, or if that was not possible, to channel the money raised into effecting an escape plan.

Harris, Kirk Edward. The Paradox of African-American Mayoral Leadership and the Persistence of Poverty in the African-American Community. Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 1992.

Harris, William C. "James Lynch: Black Leader in Southern Reconstruction." Historian 34 (1971): 40-61.

Hart, Ethel Juanita. Negro Suffrage in Maryland. M.A. thesis, Howard University, 1934.

Hodes, Michael C. "Kweisi Mfume." Maryland 29 (January/February 1997): 16-19, 59.

Holland, Marcella. "Emergence of Maryland's African-American Women Attorneys." Maryland Bar Journal 28 (July 1995): 14-19.

Hoyt, William D., Jr. "John McDonough and the Maryland Colonization of Liberia, 1834-1835." Journal of Negro History 24 (1939) 440-53.

Jacob, Grace Hill. The Negro in Baltimore, 1860-1900. M.A. thesis, Howard University, 1945.

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