The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography
Foner, Philip S. "Address of Frederick Douglass at the Inauguration of Douglass Institute, Baltimore, October 1, 1865." Journal of Negro History 54 (1969): 174-183.
Categories: African American, Education, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Nineteenth Century, Baltimore City
Fuke, Richard Paul. "The Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People, 1864-1870." Maryland Historical Magazine 66 (1971): 369-404.
Notes: In 1864, Baltimore businessmen, lawyers and clergymen formed the Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People. Many of these men had been associated with emancipation causes. These men coordinated the flow of money and supplies provided by the Freedmen's Bureau. Eventually, the schools founded by the Association were taken over by the state, which had initially not provided for free, public Negro education at all.
Categories: African American, County and Local History, Education, Nineteenth Century, Baltimore City
Fuke, Richard Paul. "A Reform Mentality: Federal Policy toward Black Marylanders, 1864-1868." Civil War History 22 (September 1976): 214-35.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Education, Politics and Law, Nineteenth Century
Gardner, Bettye. "Ante-bellum Black Education in Baltimore." Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Fall 1976): 360-66.
Notes: Just before the Civil War, Baltimore had the largest free black population of any city in the country. Most antebellum education of free blacks was provided by the numerous black churches and concerned black and white citizens. Still, free blacks were taxed even though no free public educational facilities were provided for their children. Sunday (Sabbath) schools provided much of the schooling available to free blacks, although a few days schools existed as well, most notably the African School, founded in 1812. By 1859, there were fifteen schools for blacks in Baltimore, all of which were self-supporting, receiving no local or state funding.
Categories: African American, Education, Nineteenth Century, Baltimore City
Gerdes, M. Reginald. "To Educate and Evangelize: Black Catholic Schools of the Oblate Sisters of Providence (1828-1880)." U.S. Catholic Historian 7, nos. 2-3 (1988): 183-99.
Categories: African American, Education, Religion, Women, Nineteenth Century
Heinegg, Paul. Free African Americans of Maryland and Delaware: From the Colonial Period to 1810. Baltimore: Clearfield, 2000.
Categories: African American, Family History and Genealogy, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Chesapeake Region
Henry, William Edward. Education for the Negro in Rural Maryland. Ed.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1945.
Categories: African American, Education
Hicks, Helena S. The Black Apprentice in Maryland Court Records from 1661 to 1865. Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland at College Park, 1988.
Notes: The author examines the apprenticeship system in Maryland as related to blacks during the period 1661 to 1865. For blacks in Maryland, apprenticeship was one of the earliest forms of education available. Court records are used to examine Maryland's apprenticeship system. Although Maryland's apprenticeship law of 1793 eliminated the reading and writing requirement for apprentices in the case of black apprentices, black apprentices' contracts still contained literacy provisions. Employment in various trade was another benefit resulting from the apprenticeship system.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Jenkins, David S. A History of Colored Schools in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and a Proposal for their Consolidation. M.A. thesis, University of Maryland, 1942.
Categories: African American, County and Local History, Education, Anne Arundel County
Johansen, Mary Carroll. "'Intelligence, Though Overlooked:' Education for Black Women in the Upper South, 1800-1840." Maryland Historical Magazine 93 (Winter 1998): 443-65.
Notes: Black and white educators established forty-six schools for free black children in the early nineteenth century. These educators supported education for black women believing that women transmitted knowledge and morals, thus shaping a generation of virtuous citizens. In addition, educators looked to education as a means by which to form self-sufficient and industrious free black communities.
Categories: African American, County and Local History, Education, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Women, Nineteenth Century, Chesapeake Region
Johnson, Whittington B. "The Origin and Nature of African Slavery in Seventeenth-Century Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 73 (September 1978): 236-45.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century
Jordan, Winthrop. White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Politics and Law, Religion, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Before 1600 AD, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Kimmel, Ross M. "Free Blacks in Seventeenth-Century Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Spring 1976): 19-25.
Categories: African American, Family History and Genealogy, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Baltimore County, Baltimore City, Caroline County, Howard County, Montgomery County
Klein, Mary O. "'We Shall Be Accountable to God:' Some Inquiries into the Position of Blacks in Somerset Parish, Maryland, 1692-1865." Maryland Historical Magazine 87 (Winter 1992): 399-406.
Notes: The author examines the conversion of free blacks and slaves in Somerset Parish. While a 1664 Maryland law stated that baptism had no effect on the status of a slave, the Anglican church worked towards conversion of the enslaved. However, Christian education and baptism varied depending on individual slaveowners. In some cases, the enslaved themselves refused to be baptized. Evidence of African religious practices remained alongside the practice of Christianity.
Categories: African American, Religion, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Somerset County, Eastern Shore
Klingelhofer, Eric. "Aspects of Early African-American Material Culture: Artifacts from the Slave Quarters at Garrison Plantation, Maryland." Historical Archaeology 21 (1987): 112-19.
Notes: The author examines the objects excavated from the slave quarters at Garrison Plantation near Baltimore, Maryland. Various groups of objects represented early black material culture which reveal aspects of Africanisms. Archaeology is particularly useful for the study of Africanisms found in material culture as patterns of found objects may be compared chronologically and geographically.
Categories: African American, Archaeology, County and Local History, Family History and Genealogy, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Kuebler, Edward J. "The Desegregation of the University of Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Spring 1976): 37-49.
Categories: African American, Education, Twentieth Century
Kulikoff, Allan. "Black Society and the Economics of Slavery." Maryland Historical Magazine 70 (Summer 1975): 203-10.
Notes: Review Essay.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Kulikoff, Allan. "A 'Prolifick' People: Black Population Growth in the Chesapeake Colonies, 1700-1790." Southern Studies 16 (Winter 1977): 391-428.
Notes: The author attempts to document the population growth of Africans and African-Americans between 1660 and 1780. The population grew due to forced immigration or from natural increase. Natural increase helped the founding of enslaved communities and helped in the establishment of kinship systems.
Categories: African American, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Kulikoff, Alan. Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1986.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Lewis, Ronald Loran. "Slavery on Chesapeake Iron Plantations Before the American Revolution." Journal of Negro History 59 (July 1974): 242-54.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
McConnell, Roland C. "Frederick Douglass--Invincible Freedom Fighter--And the Opening of the Douglass Institute." Maryland Pendulum (Summer 1991): 3-4.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Education, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Nineteenth Century
McConnell, Roland C. "A Small College and the Archival Record." Journal of Negro Education 32 (1963): 84-86.
Categories: African American, Education
McConnell, Roland C. Three Hundred and Fifty Years: Chronology of the Afro-American in Maryland, 1634-1984. Annapolis, MD: Commission on Afro-American History and Culture, 1985.
Categories: African American, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century
McCusker, John J., and Russell R. Menard. The Economy of British America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
McElvey, Kay Najiyyah. Early Black Dorchester, 1776-1870: A History of the Struggle of African-Americans in Dorchester County, Maryland, to be Free to Make Their Own Choices. Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland at College Park, 1991.
Notes: The author examines selected events relating to Dorchester County's black population between 1776 and 1870 and their struggle to make their own political, economic, religious, and educational choices. The author also focuses on the enslaved and free leaders who led the fight for self-determination. The author hopes that her text will be used in high school classrooms as a local history of black Dorchester County.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Education, Politics and Law, Religion, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Dorchester County, Eastern Shore