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The Maryland History and Culture Bibliography

Goosman, Stuart L. The Social and Cultural Organization of Black Group Vocal Harmony in Washington, D. C. and Baltimore, Maryland, 1945-1960. Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1992.

Graham, Leroy. Baltimore: The Nineteenth Century Black Capital. Washington, DC: University Press of America, Inc., 1982.

Groves, Paul A., and Edward K. Muller. "The Evolution of Black Residential Areas in Late Nineteenth-Century Cities." Journal of Historical Geography 1 (April 1975): 169-91.
Notes: Includes Baltimore.

Guy, Anita Aidt. Maryland's Persistent Pursuit to End Slavery, 1850-1864. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.

Hajdusiewicz, Babs Bell. Mary Carter Smith: African-American Storyteller. Springfield, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1995.

Hall, Robert L. "Slave Resistance in Baltimore City and County, 1747-1790." Maryland Historical Magazine 84 (1989): 305-18.

Halper, Lee. "On Growing Up Black in Sandy Spring." Legacy 19 (Spring 1999): 1, 3.

Harrold, Stanley. "Freeing the Weems Family: A New Look at the Underground Railroad." Civil War History 42 (December 1996): 289-306.
Notes: The author examines conventional and scholarly interpretations of underground railroad by looking at the escape of the Weems family from the Chesapeake region of Maryland. By using the Weems family as a case study, the author challenges thirty years' worth of scholarship on the underground railroad. By examining a family that escaped from a border state, the author is able to explore both black self-determination and white assistance found in the records of this family's escape. In addition, the author examines a bi-racial network of non-Garrisonian abolitionists who raised money to purchase the freedom of slaves, or if that was not possible, to channel the money raised into effecting an escape plan.

Harris, Kirk Edward. The Paradox of African-American Mayoral Leadership and the Persistence of Poverty in the African-American Community. Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 1992.

Harris, William C. "James Lynch: Black Leader in Southern Reconstruction." Historian 34 (1971): 40-61.

Hart, Ethel Juanita. Negro Suffrage in Maryland. M.A. thesis, Howard University, 1934.

Hicks, Helena S. The Black Apprentice in Maryland Court Records from 1661 to 1865. Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland at College Park, 1988.
Notes: The author examines the apprenticeship system in Maryland as related to blacks during the period 1661 to 1865. For blacks in Maryland, apprenticeship was one of the earliest forms of education available. Court records are used to examine Maryland's apprenticeship system. Although Maryland's apprenticeship law of 1793 eliminated the reading and writing requirement for apprentices in the case of black apprentices, black apprentices' contracts still contained literacy provisions. Employment in various trade was another benefit resulting from the apprenticeship system.

Hodes, Michael C. "Kweisi Mfume." Maryland 29 (January/February 1997): 16-19, 59.

Holland, Marcella. "Emergence of Maryland's African-American Women Attorneys." Maryland Bar Journal 28 (July 1995): 14-19.

Hoopes, Roy. "Frederick Douglass: The Eloquent Crusader." Maryland 21 (Winter 1988): 28- 31.

Howard-Pitney, David. "Wars, White America, and the Afro-American Jeremiad: Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King, Jr." Journal of Negro History 71 (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall 1986): 23-37.

Johansen, Mary Carroll. "'Intelligence, Though Overlooked:' Education for Black Women in the Upper South, 1800-1840." Maryland Historical Magazine 93 (Winter 1998): 443-65.
Notes: Black and white educators established forty-six schools for free black children in the early nineteenth century. These educators supported education for black women believing that women transmitted knowledge and morals, thus shaping a generation of virtuous citizens. In addition, educators looked to education as a means by which to form self-sufficient and industrious free black communities.

Johnson, Whittington B. "The Origin and Nature of African Slavery in Seventeenth-Century Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 73 (September 1978): 236-45.

Jordan, William George. 'Getting America Told:' The Black Press and its Dialogue with White America, 1914-1919. Ph.D. diss., University of New Hampshire, 1996.

Jordan, Winthrop. White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.

Katz, Sarah. "Rumors of Rebellion: Fear of a Slave Uprising in Post-Nat Turner Baltimore." Maryland Historical Magazine 89 (Fall 1994): 328-33.

Kent, George Robert. The Negro in Politics in Dorchester County, Maryland, 1920-1960. M.A. thesis, University of Maryland, 1961.

Kimmel, Ross M. "Free Blacks in Seventeenth-Century Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Spring 1976): 19-25.

Kirtz, William. "Sam Lacy." The Quill 87 (January/February 1999): 20.

Klein, Mary O. "'We Shall Be Accountable to God:' Some Inquiries into the Position of Blacks in Somerset Parish, Maryland, 1692-1865." Maryland Historical Magazine 87 (Winter 1992): 399-406.
Notes: The author examines the conversion of free blacks and slaves in Somerset Parish. While a 1664 Maryland law stated that baptism had no effect on the status of a slave, the Anglican church worked towards conversion of the enslaved. However, Christian education and baptism varied depending on individual slaveowners. In some cases, the enslaved themselves refused to be baptized. Evidence of African religious practices remained alongside the practice of Christianity.

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